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- NOBEL PRIZES, Page 86A Risky Life
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- The Academy picks Spanish novelist Camilo Jose Cela
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- When the Swedish Academy last week announced its choice for
- the 1989 Nobel Prize for Literature, the reaction across the
- globe might be summarized as Que Cela, Cela? Was the award to
- Spanish author Camilo Jose Cela, 73, another example of the
- Academy's penchant for giving unheard-of writers undreamt-of
- recognition? Yes, in the sense that Cela has not had much impact
- outside his native land for a quarter-century. But on
- reflection, the better answer is no, for Cela, though now little
- read, has amassed a body of powerful, disturbing work -- and
- lived a risky, iconoclastic life -- that fully merits the
- world's attention.
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- Gregory Rabassa, the eminent translator and authority on
- Spanish literature, says Cela "kept the Spanish novel alive
- during those awful years." That period, of course, encompasses
- the Spanish Civil War and the wrenching adjustments afterward
- to the Franco dictatorship. Cela, raised in Madrid by his
- Spanish father and English mother, was a university student in
- 1936 when the war erupted. He joined what readers of Hemingway
- or Orwell will recognize as the wrong side, taking up arms with
- Franco against the Republic. He continued his education in
- conflict, hearing the oxymoronic battle cry of some of his
- fellow soldiers: Viva la muerte!
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- Being among the victors did not bring Cela many spoils. In
- 1942 his novel The Family of Pascual Duarte caused a sensation.
- Ostensibly the memoir of a triple murderer awaiting execution,
- the novel portrayed a Spanish countryside awash in madness,
- vengeance and bloodshed. The work was harshly attacked.
- Mordantly, Cela dedicated the book "to my enemies, who have been
- of such help to me in my career." In 1951 came The Hive, which
- was banned outright by the Franco government. This terse,
- episodic novel retailed the incidental miseries of some 160
- inhabitants of a squalid Madrid.
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- Cela's flippant disdain for authority -- of whatever sort
- -- earned him the respect of exiled Spaniards who might
- otherwise have excoriated him for his allegiance in the civil
- war. In later years his fierce independence won increasing
- regard. He was among those, after Franco's death, who were asked
- to write a new Spanish constitution. Beyond that, his best
- novels, with their violent, poetic hyper-realities, affirmed a
- tradition that stretches from Cervantes to Gabriel Garcia
- Marquez.
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